Four steel bars with diameters of 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm and 500 MPa were tensile tested and nine small prisms of 4 mm× 9 mm × 150 mm were tested for axial compression short columns. The results show that the measured yield strength exceeds 150 MPa, the uniform elongation reaches more than 450%, and the ductility is good. The bearing capacity of the axial compression short column can be calculated according to the formula specified in the current specification, when the compressive strength of the steel bar is 500 MPa, the ratio of the test failure axial force to the calculated value is above 10.450, and there is a good safety reserve. The axial compression short column equipped with 1 MPa grade steel bar has good force performance, and the strength of steel bar and concrete can be well exerted.