The concept of pavement maintenance and maintenance decision based on life cycle cost analysis method is introduced, the considerations and analysis process of the method are systematically expounded, the analysis method, cost composition and maintenance effect in maintenance and maintenance decision are discussed, the differences of analysis methods under different investment entities are discussed, maintenance cost, user cost (including wheel consumption, fuel consumption and warranty material consumption) and residual value cost model are introduced, and finally a simple example of life cycle cost analysis method is given.